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The auditory system processes sound volume, pitch, frequency, and background noise. Auditory sensitivities are common in autism and ADHD—some individuals are hypersensitive (easily overwhelmed by noise) while others are hyposensitive (seek out loud s...












































Proprioception is the body's ability to sense its own position, movement, and force through muscles and joints. When this system is dysregulated, individuals may appear clumsy, seek crashing and jumping, or struggle with body awareness. "Heavy work" ...













































The visual system processes light, color, movement, depth, and contrast. Visual hypersensitivity can cause discomfort with bright lights, busy patterns, and screens, while hyposensitivity may look like staring at lights, spinning objects, or needing ...
















































The tactile system processes touch, pressure, texture, temperature, and pain. Tactile hypersensitivity (tactile defensiveness) causes discomfort or distress from certain textures, seams, or light touch, while hyposensitivity means seeking strong tact...















































































The olfactory system has the most direct route to the brain's limbic system, making smell one of the fastest ways to influence mood, arousal, and regulation. Olfactory hypersensitivity is common—certain scents can trigger distress, while others are d...
























Gustation (taste) is closely linked to oral sensory processing—many individuals with sensory differences have strong reactions to food textures, temperatures, and flavors beyond just taste preferences. Oral sensory seekers often chew on clothing, pen...



















































The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, processes balance, gravity, and movement. It tells the brain where the body is in space relative to gravity and regulates arousal levels. Vestibular-seeking individuals crave spinning, rocking, swingin...



















































Interoception is the 8th sense—and the one most people haven't heard of. It is the ability to detect and interpret signals from inside the body: hunger, thirst, heart rate, temperature, pain, the need for the bathroom, and emotional sensations like a...
















