Azelaic acid will not only gently help the skin to exfoliate but it also helps to regulate melanin synthesis which stops pigment from over-producing
An antioxidant will not only help lighten melasma but will also protect melasma from free radicals that can worsen hormonal pigment
Niacinamide will help to strengthen the skin barrier. A weak skin barrier will aggravate melasma. This will also cause the skin become irritated from other products
Kojic acid also contributes to brightening skin and works well with other ingredients like Vitamin C, Azelaic Acid and Niacinamide